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Cross-Cultural Research
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Corporal Punishment and the Mediating Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Gender On Empathy in a Southern Rural Population

Martha S. Smith

Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches

Cynthia R. Lindsey

Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches

Catherine E. Hansen

Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches

A total of 138 college students were administered the Parental Acceptance Rejection/Control Questionnaire, the Physical Punishment Questionnaire, and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale to determine if harsh and unjust corporal punishment predicted empathy. The study also investigated whether parental acceptance-rejection and gender mediated the effect of corporal punishment on empathy. Findings showed gender differences: Women reported significantly greater empathy than did men, and justness of corporal punishment related significantly and positively to empathy for men but not for women. Harshness of corporal punishment and parental acceptance-rejection did not relate to empathy regardless of gender. However, both harsh and unjust punishment related significantly to feelings of rejection for both men and women.

Key Words: emotional empathy • corporal punishment • parental acceptance-rejection • gender differences

Cross-Cultural Research, Vol. 40, No. 3, 287-305 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1069397105285477
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